What is TTN ?
The Thing Network---The Things Network is about enabling low power Devices to use long range Gateways to connect to an open-source, decentralized Network to exchange data with Applications.

UHF HAM RANGE   70cm
430MHZ-440MHZ

·         Wireless tech. for smart cities is low power wide area networks (LPWANs).

·         LPWAN tech. such as Sigfox, LoRa(long Range), LTE-M (long term evolution for machines) and NB-IoT (narrow band internet of things )

·         LPWAN devices is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 109 % during 2018-23

·         By 2023, it is expected to have more than 1.1 billion active LPWAN connections.

Spectrum for LTE deployments

·         LTE, LTE-Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro services can be deployed in dozens of spectrum bands starting at 540 MHz and rising to nearly 6 GHz

·         The most used band in commercial LTE networks are 1800 MHz(Band 3) which is a mainstream choice for LTE in most regions; 800MHz( Band 20 and regional variations) for extending coverage and improving in building services; 2.6 GHz as a major capacity band; and 700 MHZ for coverage improvement.

·         Band 3 (1800 MHz)LTE network deployment in this band now common throughout Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa, regions of South America.

·         Band 20(800 Mhz) is firmly established as a mainstream band for LTE

·         Band 7 (2.6 GHz) is third most used band with 164 deployed/launched networks in 78 countries and is more extensively used in the Americas than Band 3 and Band 20.

VoLTE global status

·         In total, GSA has identified 248 operators investing in VoLTE in 112 countries, including 180 operators that have launched VoLTE services in 87 countries an increase from 134 in 65 countries in January 2018.

·         Another 51 operators either plan to deploy or are deploying VoLTE services.

·         Additionally, 17 operators that are involved in test /trials have been identified.

·         By Jan 2019 the GSA had identified 21 networks that had launched services, the most recently identified being Play in Poland and Orange in Romania.

 LTE Advanced global status

·         By jan 2019 there were 274 commercially launched LTE Advanced networks in 122 countries.

·         Overall 317 operators are investing in LTE- Advanced .

·         Many operators with LTE Advanced networks are looking to extend their capabilities by adding 3GPP release 13 or Release 14 LTE Advanced Pro features.

 IoT global Status

·         By mid jan 2019 there were 133 operators investing in NB-IoT in 64 countries.

·         The no. of deployed/launched NB-IoT networks has doubled in the past 12 months.

·         About 78 operators have deployed launched NB-Iot networks in 45 countries up from 39 operators in 28 countries a year ago.

·         Further there are 57 operators investing in LTE-M networks in 34 countries.

·         Altogether, 47 countries now have at least either a launched NB-IoT network or a launched LTE-M network and 19 of these countries have both network types.

5G Global Status

The GSA has identified 201 operators in 83 countries that have launched, demonstrated are testing or trailing or have been licensed to conduct field trials of 5G enabling and candidate technologies.